چکیده: (102 مشاهده)
Abstract
Introduction: Effective root canal therapy is challenged by complex root and canal morphologies, especially in maxillary molars. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and morphological characteristics of fused roots and associated merged and C-shaped canal configurations in maxillary first and second molars using Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a northern Iranian population.
Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study evaluated 185 maxillary first and second molars (one tooth per participant) using CBCT scans obtained from patients referred to Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, between January 2020 and December 2022. Inclusion required fully formed roots and clear canal visualization; teeth with prior interventions or structural defects were excluded. Root fusions, merged canals, and C-shaped canals were identified using established classifications. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05).
Results: Fused roots occurred in both first and second maxillary molars (23.8% in total), and significantly higher prevalence in second compared to first molars (P < 0.001). Fusion between the mesiobuccal and palatal roots was the most common type (8.6%). Prevalence was significantly higher among females (P = 0.002). Merged canals were identified in 7 teeth (3.8%), all of which were second molars, showing a significant association with molar type (P = 0.007). No C-shaped canals were detected.
Conclusions: Root fusion is a common anatomical variant in this Iranian patient sample, with a significantly higher prevalence in maxillary second molars and among females. CBCT enhances identification of these variations, supporting more accurate endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
Introduction: Effective root canal therapy is challenged by complex root and canal morphologies, especially in maxillary molars. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and morphological characteristics of fused roots and associated merged and C-shaped canal configurations in maxillary first and second molars using Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a northern Iranian population.
Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study evaluated 185 maxillary first and second molars (one tooth per participant) using CBCT scans obtained from patients referred to Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, between January 2020 and December 2022. Inclusion required fully formed roots and clear canal visualization; teeth with prior interventions or structural defects were excluded. Root fusions, merged canals, and C-shaped canals were identified using established classifications. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05).
Results: Fused roots occurred in both first and second maxillary molars (23.8% in total), and significantly higher prevalence in second compared to first molars (P < 0.001). Fusion between the mesiobuccal and palatal roots was the most common type (8.6%). Prevalence was significantly higher among females (P = 0.002). Merged canals were identified in 7 teeth (3.8%), all of which were second molars, showing a significant association with molar type (P = 0.007). No C-shaped canals were detected.
Conclusions: Root fusion is a common anatomical variant in this Iranian patient sample, with a significantly higher prevalence in maxillary second molars and among females. CBCT enhances identification of these variations, supporting more accurate endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
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