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hekmatfar S, nouri F, negahdar P. Research Paper: Early a Radiographic Evaluation of Permanent Maxillary Canine Impaction: in 7-13 Years Old Children In Ardabil. Journal title 2023; 12 (2) :16-21
URL: http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-569-en.html

Introduction: Early diagnosis and interceptive treatment of the maxillary canine impaction is crucial as it reduces treatment complexity and decreases complications and adverse outcomes. The aim of the study was to the prediction of impacted maxillary canines, and early diagnosis by using panoramic.
Materials and Methods:This investigation was a cross-sectional study performed on 385 panoramic radiographs, which were evaluated to assess the position of canines. Two methods Ericson and Kurol (EK/L) and the Power and Short (PS) geometric measurement analyses used in each radiograph. Thus, the prevalence was calculated from each method. The normality of the data was subsequently analyzed by application of a one-sample non-parametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Thereafter, Fisher’s exact and Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted to determine differences in the permanent tooth impaction of the subjects.
Results: Five permanent canines were classified as high risk through the EK/L method. While the PS method was used, 20 high risks of impaction were found. The statistical difference is detected between the right and left sides. It was found statistical difference detected between EK/L and Ps methods (p = 0.004). 
Conclusion:The EK/L method determined a canine impaction prevalence on pa¬noramic radiographs of 1.3%, while in the PS Method, the prevalence was 5. 2%. In addition, a significant predilection of canine impaction to the gender was not found.