1 482 General Research Paper: Parental assessment of access and barriers to oral and dental health services in the elementry school children in Rasht bashardoust Nazanin b Mahjoub Khatibani Seyedeh Porousha c Gholamhossein Zadeh Armin d Sarfaraz Amir Hossein e moghassem hamidi Forough f b Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran c Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran d Dentist e Dentist f Postgraduate Student of Orthodontics, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 1 9 2020 9 3 1 6 23 06 2020 01 08 2020 Introduction:Equal access and distribution of services among all people is one of the main objectives of health services and patient satisfaction is an important factor in evaluating these objectives. This study aims to investigate the access and satisfaction of elementary school children to dental services in Rasht. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, first, we divided different areas of the city into three regions, and  by a simple random sampling method  selected  one school among  the schools in each region.. Data were collected in the questionnaire. The statistical analysis was performed using  SPSS software version 24. Significant  p value was set at 0.05. Results: In this study, 78% of study subjects had access to dental care and 22.1% faced barriers. High cost of dental treatments and dental fears were the main barriers. 55/9% of parents were satisfied with the dental care provided. Conclusion:It is concluded that the access of elementry school children to dental services in Rasht is easy and the most important obstacle is child fear of dentistry and high dental costs.  
484 General Research Paper: The effect of three different malocclusions on the quality of life of 12 to 14 years old students in Rasht in 2019 Masoumi Fakhabi Seyedeh Fatemeh g Abdollahi Naghmeh h Fereshteh housh Amin i g Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, School of dentistry, Guilan University Of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran h Postgraduate Student of Orthodontics, Department of Orthodontics, School of dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran i Dentist 1 9 2020 9 3 7 12 25 09 2020 05 10 2020 Introduction: Malocclusion is a common oral disease that, in addition to damaging the functioning of the oral system and hygiene, can harm a person’s social relationships and mood by negatively affecting their beauty and self-esteem and reduce the quality of life. Many malocclusions, if detected, can be corrected at the right time by spending less time and money, which plays a significant role in the quality of life. Materials and Methods:In this applied research, 76 students in the range of 12 to 14 years old (39 girls and 37 boys) were evaluated in four groups. The first group consisted of individuals with normal overjet and 3≤  mm anterior crowding. The second group consisted of less than 2 mm overjet and 3≤  mm anterior spacing. The third group has 6≤ mm overjet with crowding and1 ≥ mm spacing. The fourth group has a control group consisting of subjects with normal occlusion. To examine the effect of this malocclusions on quality of life, The Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OQLQ) questionnaire was used. For statically analyses Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Kruskal-Wallis test were used. The significance level in all tests was 0.05. Results: The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the four groups in each domain (oral functioning, social aspect, dentofacial beauty and dentofacial beauty awareness). (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Malocclusions such as anterior crowding, anterior spacing and increased overjet do not affect the quality of life of untreated 12-14 year old subjects. 385 Radiology Research Paper: Evaluation the condylar bony changes in CBCT images of patients referring to Radiology Center of Shahid Beheshti Dental School in 2019 moshfeghi Mahkameh j golbar mona k safi yaser l lotfi neda m dastan farivar n j Assistant professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran k Assistant professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran l Assistant professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran m orthodontic resident n orthodontic resident 1 9 2020 9 3 13 17 05 10 2020 15 10 2020 Introduction: The temporomandibular joint’s disease is a group of complex diseases, many of which have no clinical signs and are identified through diagnostic assays, including radiological images. One of the methods of imaging that provides information about this disease is CBCT imaging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the condylar bony changes in CBCT images of patients referring to the Radiology Center of a Dental School in 2019. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, CBCT radiographs of 206 patients (121 females and 85 males) referring to the Radiology Center of a Dental School were chosen in order to determine hypoplasia, hyperplasia, bifid condyle, sclerotic changes, flattening, erosion and osteophyte in both sides. These radiographs were studied by a trained dentistry student to determine the changes. Results: The prevalence of condylar bony changes was 65.3% and no difference was observed between right and left condyles. The highest frequencies of condylar bony changes was related to flattening with a frequency of 131 condyles (31.7%), erosion with a frequency of 78 condyles (18.9%) and osteophyte with a frequency of 76 condyles (18.4%). Conclusion:In the population of this study, there is a correlation between age and the prevalence of condylar bony changes and the prevalence of flattening, erosion, and osteophyte. Erosion also significantly increased in women and osteophyte increased in men.   488 General Research Paper: Evaluation of the effect of scad training software on the shade mathching ability of guilan dental students in 2019 Moein Niloofar o Daneshvar Mir Mahdi p o Assisant professor, Department of Operative Dentistry , School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. p Postgraduate Student of Prosthodontics, Department Of Prosthodontics Dentistry, School Of Dentistry , Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 1 9 2020 9 3 18 23 06 12 2021 17 09 2020 Introduction: The aim of this study was the evaluation of the effect of scad training software on shade matching ability of dental students. Materials and Methods: 84 students who passed shade matching topic in their theoritical courses were devided into two groups of case and control.They passed the exam of scad software in two steps. Interval of tests was six weeks.The case group unlike the control group get the training of scad between these two steps.The data were entered into SPSS software (version 21) to determine the progress of the students ability for shade mathching after training. Results:  In this study the case group showed significant progress in results Their score varied in various tests from the minimum 0.9 to the maximum 9.2 . According to the results, training effect of the scad software method was better than conventional method in Color differentiation in Exact Match  II/100 (P,0.0001) and from statistical point of view it has been improved shade matching ability rather than conventional method as much as 6 score. Also Difference in Matching Pair Total Light & Dark /29   evaluation was statisticaly significant that means after training , scad group had less wrong Diagnosis than control group. (P,0.001) Conclusion:Training with scad software had significant effect on increasing the accuracy of students shade matching abbility. 405 General Review Paper: An Overview of Pharmacological Considerations in Management of Dental Anxiety in General Dentistry Procedures Faghih Akhlaghi Masoud Daeihamed Marjan Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. 1 9 2020 9 3 24 33 10 06 2020 23 08 2020 Dental anxiety is a frequently encountered problem in dental offices which result in avoidance of dental care for most patients. Providing acceptable evidence based therapies for such patients is essential. Generally, dental anxiety can be managed by psychological interventions, behavioural techniques and pharmacological treatments, or a combination of them, depending on the level of dental anxiety, patient characteristics, clinical situations, type and duration of dental treatment. Pharmacological approaches can help to manage the patients using either level of sedation from mild sedation to general anesthesia. Pharmacological agents are usually sedative in action and do not eliminate anxiety but merely enhance patient acceptance. The agents used are varied and diverse and include nitrous oxide, benzodiazepines and narcotics, and they can be administered via different routes. This paper aims to review some pharmacological points in administration of sedative drugs in the management of dental anxiety.   491 General Research Paper: The Radiographic Evaluation of Root Canal Morphology in Mandibular Premolars of an Iranian Population Madani Zahra Sadat Mahjoub Khatibani Seyedeh Porousha Maleki Dina Simdar Narges 1Assisant professor, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Assistant Professor, Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Assistant Professor, Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 1 9 2020 9 3 34 39 06 12 2021 17 09 2020 Introduction:The aim of this study was to assess the morphology of canal and root of mandibular first and second premolars using CBCT. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 200 CBCT images were assessed if the CBCT image included at least one mandibular premolar, and had good quality. The CBCT images were excluded if the mandibular premolars had open apex, filling, calcification, previous root canal treatment, root fracture, post and core, root resorption, severe erosion or peri-apical lesion. A total of 800 premolars were assessed in this study. Patients’ gender and tooth location (left/right) were recorded along with the number of canals and roots, morphology of root canals, the length of canals, the thickness of root and the presence of C-shape canals. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and T test were applied at the significant level of 0.05%. Results: 50% (400) of the studied teeth were first premolars and 50% (400) were second premolars. No gender tendency was found. The most prevalent canal type was type 1 according to Vertucci. The mean length of canals was 13.62±1.47 mm. The assessment of root thickness in MB, MM, ML and MD showed that, the thickset root wall was in the middle one-third and the thinnest was in the apical one-third. No C-shape canal was found in first and second premolars.Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, the most prevalent canal type was type 1 Vertucci; the thickset root wall was in the middle one-third and the thinnest was in the apical one-third; no C-shape canal was found in the Iranian population. Clinicians should be aware of the complexity of root canal anatomy to achieve favorable treatment outcomes.   468 General Research Paper: Evaluation the amount of knowledge about medical emergencies among dental interns of Guilan university medical sciences, year 1395 Tayefeh Davalloo Reza tavangar Seyedeh Maryam darabi Farideh Jamali Seyedeh Zahra Ahmadi Reza Hamidi Salim Associate Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry,Guillan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Associate Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry,Guillan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Associate Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry,Guillan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Dentist Post-graduate student, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. Post-graduate student, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. 1 9 2020 9 3 40 44 01 04 2020 22 05 2020 Introduction: Despite the advancement of medical sciences in diseases control and, regarding the rise in the elderly population, the number of patients with multiple internal medical conditions, who refer to a dentist, is increasing. Therefore a dentist’s accurate knowledge about medical emergency is more felt. . In most life threating emergences on time implementing accurate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can rescue the patient’s life in most cases and also can prevent sudden death. Researches had shown that half of dentists over the world are unable of doing CPR. Materials and Methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted on senior dental students of Guilan university of Medical Sciences. The questionnaire of medical emergency, after reviewing the validity and reliability was given to students. Data collected and were analyzed with 21 version of SPSS PRO, with descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation Test, independent T test, Mann Withney U Test were analyzed. Results: 60 senior dental students of Guilan University of medical Sciences from 70 students responded to the questionnaire (response rate 85/7%). the average and SD of their age was 25/8±4/2. Their total average course score was 15/8±1/2. In general, the mean score was 6/01±2/27(from14 score). In this study, 66/67% of students had poor knowledge. The correlation between student’s average course score and knowledge about the medical emergency was significant (p=0/002, r=0/369) and the correlation between type of admission and knowledge about medical emergency was significant too. Conclusion: According to the study, the knowledge of senior dental students of Guilan university of Medical Science were poor, which suggest the need for more emphasis on education and revision of course, as well as practical workshops.