@article{ author = {Basirat, Maryam and Kia, Seyed Javad and Motevasseli, Safa and Dadvar, Zahr}, title = {Corticosteroids Indications in Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases: Side Effects, Dosage, and Administration}, abstract ={Introduction: Corticosteroid drugs are used to treat many lesions as well as inflammatory and immune-related diseases because of their suppression effect on the immune system and resulting anti-inflammatory reaction. This study aimed to evaluate the use of corticosteroids in oral and maxillofacial diseases as well as their side effects, dosage, and administration. Materials and Methods: This study was a review study by searching the databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Articles, published from 2000 to 2018, with the keywords of “steroids”, “mouth”, “oral”, “maxillofacial”, “indication”, “side effects”, and “contraindications” were found and investigated. Conclusion: These drugs, due to their possible adverse effects like adrenal insufficiency, should be prescribed with caution after an assessment of its risk-reward ratio. Moreover, their nutritional recommendation, discontinuation, and complications should be considered.}, Keywords = {Steroids, Oral medicine, Adrenal insufficiency}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {51-56}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/3dj.7.2.51}, url = {http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-311-en.html}, eprint = {http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-311-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Dentomaxillofacial}, issn = {}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Maleki, Laleh and Arzhang, Elham and Alizadeh, Leili}, title = {A Review of Signet Ring Cells in Salivary Gland Tumors}, abstract ={Introduction: Signet Ring Cells (SRCs) are often seen in gastrointestinal tract, breast, bile duct, and lung invasive carcinomas. Observing these cells in benign and malignant lesions of the salivary glands is usual. Signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma is rare and is commonly seen in the secondary salivary glands. The presence of SRCs in other neoplasms is usually associated with poor prognosis; however, the prognosis and the survival of malignant tumors of the salivary glands containing SRCs are not well known and few studies have been conducted on this topic. Materials and Methods: In this review article, 18 articles were reviewed from 1984 to 2017 in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE databases with the keywords of “salivary glands”, “parotid”, “submandibular”, “sublingual”, and “signet ring cells”. Results: Viewing SRCs in the salivary glands is not common. Although the SRC adenocarcinoma has a low incidence, some of them may have been reported as Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) and in fact, have a higher incidence. Conclusion: SRC adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands must be differentially diagnosed with more common tumors of these glands. Further studies are required to determine the exact prevalence of these salivary tumors that contain SRCs. Also, it seems necessary to predict their biological behavior.}, Keywords = {Signet Ring Cells, Salivary gland, Sublingual, Submandibular, Parotid, Salivary gland carcinoma }, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {57-62}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/3dj.7.2.57}, url = {http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-310-en.html}, eprint = {http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-310-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Dentomaxillofacial}, issn = {}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Jafari, Karim and Rezaei, Amir and Samadi, Vahid and Hekmatfar, Somayeh}, title = {The Association Between Dental Anomalies and Hypodontia Among 9-20 Years Old Individuals in Ardabil City, Iran: A Causal-Comparative Study}, abstract ={Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the prevalence of dental anomalies and tooth agenesis. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, the panoramic radiographs of 101 cases with tooth agenesis (except for the third molar) were studied and compared with those of a non-agenesis control group of 182 subjects. The subjects were within the age range of 9-20 years. The prevalence of dental anomalies in the agenesis group was compared with that in the non-agenesis group. Results: The subjects with hypodontia showed a significantly lower prevalence of dental anomalies. In the group with tooth agenesis, the prevalence of another dental anomaly was lower (P=0.026) with the OR of 1.78. However, there was a higher rate of dental anomalies in the control group. The highest frequencies were observed for the agenesis of mandibular second premolar, then maxillary second premolar, and finally maxillary lateral incisors in this order. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental anomalies in the agenesis group was relatively low and evenly distributed among genders and jaws. The most commonly affected teeth were the mandibular second premolar, then maxillary second premolar, and lastly maxillary lateral incisors in this order.}, Keywords = {Hypodontia, Radiography, Panoramic}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {63-68}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/3dj.7.2.63}, url = {http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-317-en.html}, eprint = {http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-317-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Dentomaxillofacial}, issn = {}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Basirat, Maryam and Pakfetrat, Atesa and JavadzadehBolouri, Abbas and HoseinpourJajarm, Hassan and Hassanpour, Pari}, title = {Evaluation of Malpractice in Patients Referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Department of Mashhad Dental School}, abstract ={Introduction: Medical errors in dentistry refer to mistakes during operation or other dental procedures, negligence during treatment, and delayed treatment despite observing unusual results after examinations or other paraclinical tests. Generally, diagnostic errors often cause delay in or incorrect treatment. This study evaluates the rate of unnecessary or incorrect treatment of oral and maxillofacial lesions in patients referred to the Oral Medicine Department of Mashhad Dental School, Mashhad, Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 372 patients referred to the Oral Medicine Department of Mashhad Dental School in 2010. After collecting their demographics, they were examined by two oral health professionals. Depending on the type of the lesion, the patients underwent a follow-up or pathological examination. In this way, the final diagnosis was made for each patient and they were treated accordingly. In the end, the collected data were analyzed in SPSS and the results were presented using by descriptive statistics in tables and graphs. Results: The Mean±SD of time between the onset of symptoms and confirmation of diagnosis was 22.62±12.2 months (range: 1 day to 15 years). The Mean±SD of time between the first visit to a physician and the referral to the Oral Department was 12.64±4.39 months (range: 0 days to 11 years). At the last referral to the physician and before referring to the department, 200(53.8%) patients did not receive treatment, while 69(18.5%) received correct treatment, 80 (21.5%) incorrect treatment, and 23(6.2%) unnecessary treatment. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, about half of the patients did not receive dental treatment, about 20% received incorrect treatment and about 6% unnecessary treatment. Timely referral to a dental specialist for diagnosis and treatment is better than incorrect and unnecessary treatment (which delays treatment and even cause wrong diagnosis due to the temporary improvement of some lesions). A comprehensive effort should be made to find out the causes of misdiagnoses and resolve them through the promotion of education and development of teamwork between physicians and dentists.}, Keywords = {Malpractice, Therapy, Oral Medicine, Error}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {69-76}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/3dj.7.2.69}, url = {http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-313-en.html}, eprint = {http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-313-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Dentomaxillofacial}, issn = {}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Pournasiri, Ilnaz and NeshandarAsli, Hamid and Abbaspour, Reza and Maleki, Di}, title = {The Effects of Different Sterilization Methods on the Uniformity of Diamond Dental Burs and Changes in the Cutting Edge Carbide Burs}, abstract ={Introduction: Dental burs are among the most commonly used instruments in dental offices and have the most possible cross-contamination risks. The sterilization of dental burs is highly noted and necessary. The present study evaluated the effects of different sterilization methods on the uniformity of diamond dental burs and changes in the cutting edge carbide burs. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, to assess the results of sterilization, 36 burs (18 diamond burs and 18 carbide burs) were studied. In total, 18 diamond burs using R software were randomly divided into the 3 groups of 6 burs (dry-clave group, autoclave group, and cold sterilization group). Each group was divided into the 2 subgroups of 3 burs; the first subgroup received 5 cycles and the second subgroup received 15 cycles of sterilization. The same process was used for 18 carbide burs to categorize them into groups and subgroups. A pre-assessment was conducted by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). After the sterilization cycles, a post-test SEM was performed. Adobe Photoshop 2017 was used in a gray scale of 12 to compare the pre-test and post-test differences. Kruskal-Wallis test, Analysis of Variance, Mann-Whitney U test, and Post Hoc Tukey test were used to analyze the obtained data in SPSS at a significance level of P=0.05. Results: Dry-clave was the best approach in 5 cycles of sterilization for diamond and carbide burs. Moreover, autoclave was the best method for 5 cycles of sterilization (P<0.05). In 15 cycles of sterilization of diamond and carbide burs, the best method was auto-clave which exhibited a significant difference in carbide burs. Conclusion: Dry-clave and autoclave were the most appropriate approaches for 5 and 15 cycles of sterilization of diamond burs, respectively. In sterilization of carbide, in both 5 and 15 cycles, autoclave was the best method. All of the sterilization methods caused corrosion, discoloration, and the loss of integrity in carbide burs; however, these changes were minimum in the autoclave method. In conclusion, auto-clave method is recommended due to causing the least changes in carbide and diamond burs.}, Keywords = {Dental burs, Sterilization, Diamond, Carbide, Dentistry}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {77-84}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/3dj.7.2.77}, url = {http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-314-en.html}, eprint = {http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-314-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Dentomaxillofacial}, issn = {}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Gholinia, Faegheh and DaliliKajan, Zahra and Irannezhad, Azi}, title = {Nonsurgical Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion in an Adult Patient}, abstract ={Transverse maxillary deficiency is relatively prevalent in orthodontic patients. This article reports the use of a Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE) device for the correction of transverse skeletal maxillary constriction in an adult patient. The patient was a 20-year-old girl with a transverse maxillary deficiency and bilateral posterior crossbite. A MARPE device was positioned on her palate using 4 miniscrews. The activation protocol was one-quarter turn per day every other day, with a total activation duration of 10 weeks following with a 3-month retention period. Pre-MARPE and post-MARPE cone-beam computed tomography cross sections presented a skeletal expansion of maxilla. This report confirms the effective treatment of a mature patient with severe maxillary constriction, highly deep palate, and posterior crossbite using a custom-made modification of MARPE.}, Keywords = {Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion, Adult, Expansion, Cone-beam computed tomography}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {85-93}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/3dj.7.2.85}, url = {http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-319-en.html}, eprint = {http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-319-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Dentomaxillofacial}, issn = {}, eissn = {}, year = {2018} }