ORIGINAL_ARTICLE The Surface Hardness Value of a light cured Hybrid Composite Resin after 12 Hours Immersion in three alcohol-free mouthwashes Introduction: Mouthwashes which prevent and control caries and periodontal diseases are commonly used even without professional pre‌scription. Long-term use of mouth-washes may cause softening of restorative composites and lowering the longevity of restoration. The aim of this study was evaluation of surface hardness value of a microhybride composite (Filtek Z250) after 12 hours immersion in three kinds of alco‌hol-free mouthwashes. Materials and Methods: 72 Cylinderical speci-mens of a microhybride composite 5mm wide were prepared, using drinking straw as a mold. Specimens were light-cured continuously for 40 seconds on each side with Elipar(3M,ESPE) cur‌ing light. The specimens were immersed in 50ml of distilled water for12 hours. After that, all of them were finished with silicone carbide papers under constant water as coolant. The speci‌mens were divided into 4 groups, each with 18 samples, the first group immersed in Colgate plax , the second in Crest ( pro-health for me) , group3 in OraCare and group4 in water as the control group for 12 hours, which is equivalent to 1 year of daily mouthwash use at 2 minutes per day. Hardness measurement was taken by Vickers hardness tester with 1 kilogram load and 10 seconds loading time. Result: Statistical analysis according to t-test and One-Way ANOVA test showed that there was no significant difference in surface hard‌ness value of composite after 12 hours immer‌sion between groups of mouthwashes and water( P value=0.353)  Conclusion: Based on the present study, alco-hol-free mouthwashes didn’t affect the surface hardness of Filtek(Z250) composite. http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-69-en.pdf 2014-04-29 1 6 10.18869/acadpub.3dj.2.4.1 Mouthwashes Composite Resins Hardness Test Reza Davalloo 1 Department of Operative Denti stry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Dental School, Rasht, Iran AUTHOR Seyedeh Maryam Tavangar 2 Department of Operative Denti stry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Dental School, Rasht, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-880X Farideh Darabi 3 Department of Operative Denti stry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Dental School, Rasht, Iran AUTHOR Zahra pourhabibi 4 Guilan University of Medical Science, Dental School, Rasht, Iran. AUTHOR Niloufar Alaei Alamouti 5 Guilan University of Medi cal Sciences, Dental School, Rasht, Iran AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Color Stability of a Microhybrid Resin Composite Polymerized with LED and QTH Light Curing Units Introduction: Discoloration of resin composites is a common reason for replacement of these restorations. The aim of this study was to eva-luate the influence of different light curing de-vices on color stability of a microhybrid resin composite.  Materials and Methods: 80 disc-shaped speci-mens (8 mm in diameter, 2-mm height) were fabricated from filtek Z250 resin composite. Specimens were divided into 4 groups (n=20) and cured with LED (Bluephase C5, Valo) or QTH (Astralis7 with two different light intensity) light curing devices. Baseline color of each specimen was measured with a spectrophotometer according to the CIE (L*a*b*) color scale. ( CIE L*a*b* is a color measurement system with dimension L for lightness and a and b for the color-opponent dimensions). Each subgroup (n=10) were immersed in tea or artificial saliva for 72h at 37°C. The color values of specimens were re-measured and the color change values (ΔE*ab) were calculated using One-Way ANOVA and Tukey test. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: In groups immersed in tea, specimens cured with high power mode of Astralis7 (750mW/cm2), showed the statistically signifi-cant lowest color change. There was no statisti-cally significant difference between two types of Light Emitting Diode units.  Conclusion: Conventional halogen light (QTH) with high power mode showed the maximum color stability in tea. http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-70-en.pdf 2014-04-29 7 14 10.18869/acadpub.3dj.2.4.7 Composite Resin Surface Properties Color Halogen Dental Curing Lights LED Dental Curing Lights Shaghayegh Razavi 1 Dental Materials Research Cen ter, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol-Iran. AUTHOR Behnaz Esmaeili 2 Dental Materials Research Cen ter, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol-Iran. AUTHOR Hoda Amiri 3 Babol-Iran AUTHOR Mahdiye Pakdaman 4 Babol-Iran AUTHOR Ali Bijani 5 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol-Iran. AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Risk factors for severe early childhood caries in 2-3-year-old children in Rasht Introduction: Severe early childhood caries is the presence of smooth-surface caries in children younger than three years of age. This rampant form of dental caries exerts a negative impact on the quality of life of both the child and the family .The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors for severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) among 2-3 year-old children in Rasht. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, case control study was carried out on 267, 2-3 year-old-children, who were divided into two groups. The study group (cases) included 89 children who were diagnosed with S-ECC. The cases were com‌pared with the control group including 178 child‌ren who were caries free. The mothers of children in two groups were asked to fill in a checklist con‌taining the demographic data, dietary, sleep and oral hygiene habits of the children. Data were statistically analyzed using χ2 test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Statistical Significant variables associated with S-ECC were breast or bottle feeding to assist with falling asleep at night (P = 0.001), number of nights the child sleep through the night (P< 0.0001), on demand feeding (P < 0.0001), late start of brushing (P = 0.007), frequency of giving sugary snacks (P = 0.016) and the use of a bottle to drink sweetened liquids (P <0.0001). There was no significant relationship between S-ECC and the method, duration of feeding and educa‌tional level of parents. Conclusion: Breast or bottle feeding to assist with falling asleep at night, number of nights the child sleep through the night, on demand feeding , late start of tooth brushing, frequency of giving su‌gary snacks and the use of a bottle to drink swee‌tened liquids were identified as risk factors for the development of dental caries in young child‌ren. http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-71-en.pdf 2014-04-29 15 22 10.18869/acadpub.3dj.2.4.15 Child Dental Caries Risk Factors Javaneh Vejdani 1 Oro-Maxillofacial Developmen‌tal Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. AUTHOR Zahra Hadipoor 2 Rasht, Iran. AUTHOR Ehsan Kazem‌nezhad Leyli 3 Social Determinants of Health ( SDH ) Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Prevalence of Traumatic Injuries to the Anterior Pri‌mary Teeth in Preschool Children in Rasht, Guilan, 2012 Introduction: Dental trauma is a very significant problem in primary dentition. It has a physical, esthetic and psychological impact on the child and his/her parents. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of traumatic inju‌ries to the anterior primary teeth and deter‌mining factors in 2-5-year-old children in Rasht, 2012. Materials and Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study. In order to ex‌amine for the signs of trauma to their anterior primary teeth, 748 two to five year-old children of kin‌dergartens in the city of Rasht were chosen. A ques‌tionnaire regarding the demographic data of their children and history of the trauma were sent to the parents. The statistical analysis was chi-square test. Results: The prevalence of traumatic injury to anterior primary teeth was 23.8%, with no sig‌nificant differences between boys and girls. Enamel fractures were the most common trau‌matic injury (76.5%). The most common cause, location and seasonal variation of the trauma were respectively falling (95.6%), at home (59.8%) and summer (78.3%). There were more traumas in Children with increased over jet than those with normal or decreased over jet. Conclusion: The dental trauma in primary denti‌tion is an accident that occurs due to child‌ren’s development stage, even when they are cared for by mothers at home. There is a need for an edu‌cational program specifically directed at parents to inform them about the immediate dental treatment in case of traumatic dental injuries. http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-72-en.pdf 2014-04-29 23 28 10.18869/acadpub.3dj.2.4.23 Child Dentition Primary Prevalence Injuries Javaneh Vejdani 1 Oro-Maxillofacial Develop‌ mental Disease Research Center, Department of Pe‌diatric Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Dental School, Rasht, Iran AUTHOR Somaye Poor fathollah 2 Rasht, Iran AUTHOR Ehsan Kazemnezhad Leyli 3 Ph.D in Biostatistics, Social Determinants Of Health ( SDH ) Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Multiple Dental Anomalies in Primary and Permanent Dentition: A Case Report Dental anomalies are rare findings that may affect development of occlusion and early intervention may be required. Here, a case of multiple anomalies in primary and perma‌nent dentitions is reported. The patient referred to the dental center with the chief complaint of multiple tooth decay. In the oral examination, the rare case of triplica‌tion between the right geminated man-dibular A and right mandibular B was observed. A talon cusp on the maxillary deciduous lateral incisor was also noticed. In the panoramic radi-ograph view, two permanent supernumerary teeth were found at the region of primary tooth ano‌malies in both jaws. The article describes the management of the dentition during the dental transi‌tory years of 5 to 7. Precise exami‌nation may reveal anomalies that require inter‌vention. In some cases, presence of one anomaly in pri‌mary dentition, can suggest the possibility of further anomalies in both primary and perma‌nent dentition. In this case, careful initial ex‌amination and dental panoramic radio‌graphs led to early diagnosis and appropriate treat‌ment plans in mixed dentition years. http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-73-en.pdf 2014-04-30 29 33 10.18869/acadpub.3dj.2.4.29 Talon Cusp Triplication Supernumerary Tooth Dental Anomaly Anousheh Rashed Mohassel 1 department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. AUTHOR Samir Zahedpasha 2 department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. AUTHOR Mahtab Hamzeh 3 Department of Pediatric Denti‌stry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE A Metal-Acrylic Bar for Splinting Implant Impression Copings Precise transfer of three-dimensional position of dental implants from oral cavity to the cast needs special considerations in impression making. It has been suggested to splint the copings by bars or acrylic resin material before making impression. Some problems regarding to polymerization shrinkage of acrylic resin have been reported. In this study, we describe a metalacrylic bar that has advantages of both acrylic and metal bars. http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-74-en.pdf 2014-04-30 34 36 10.18869/acadpub.3dj.2.4.34 Dental Implantation Dental Impression Technique Dental Materials Acrylic Resins Majid Abolhasani 1 School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. AUTHOR Amir Hossein Shakibamehr 2 School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran. AUTHOR Mahmoud Sabouhi 3 Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. AUTHOR