ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Indications for Prophylactic Removal of Unerupted Asymptomatic Pathology-free Third Molars Referred by Iranian Orthodontists Introduction: The management of asymptomatic impacted wisdom teeth remains a controversial issue. Although oral surgeons usually extract such teeth, but orthodontists often manage the condition. Because not only majority of orthodontic patients have asymptomatic impacted wisdom teeth but also some of them need to be extracted for orthodontic issues or to complete orthodontic therapy. This study aimed to determine the indications for referral of unerupted asymptomatic pathology free third molar prophylactic removal by Iranian orthodontists. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire containing 12 panoramic radiographs was prepared and sent to the email inboxes of all orthodontists in Iran. The radiographs were obtained from dental school of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney analysis were used to determine the differences in responses to questions about clinicians’ experience, age, sex, and the place of graduation. Level of significance was considered to be 0.05 or less. Results: In this study, 52 out of 304 orthodontists answered our survey. Out of the total participants, 63.5% were men and 36.5% were women. Mean (SD) age of the study samples was 40.9(8.9) years and their mean (SD) professional practice experience was 10.8(7.8) years. All younger orthodontists (30-39 years old) agreed with the idea of removing the third molar due to lack of space. Most of these orthodontists (91.5%) were graduated from Iran. Conclusion: The most common reasons of third molar removal are deviation in eruption path, lack of space in posterior region, and lack of antagonist. Mandibular third molar is usually extracted to prevent late anterior crowding. It was found that there was a correlation between referral for tooth removal due to lack of space and the referring clinicians’ sex. Although 21.2% of orthodontists believe that third molar tooth can cause late anterior crowding, only 3.8% of them referred these cases because of this problem.  http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-279-en.pdf 2017-10-01 43 48 10.29252/3dj.6.3.43 Orthodontist Third molar Non-symptomatic Prophylactic Faeghe Gholinia 1 Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. AUTHOR Ali Khalighi Sigarudi 2 Professor, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. AUTHOR Yasaman Ghavami Lahij yghl90@yahoo.com 3 DDS, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE The Relation Between Maxillary Sinus Floor and Posterior Maxillary Teeth Roots Using Panoramic and Cone Beam Computed Tomography Introduction: Understanding the anatomical and pathological relationships between posterior teeth or edentulous area with maxillary sinus is essential for diagnosis and treatment management.The present study aimed to assess the relationship between maxillary sinus floor and posterior teeth roots using panoramic radiography and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 440 maxillary first and second premolars, and first and second molars of 55 patients were selected by the census method. The patients were referred to Sajad Maxillofacial Radiology and Navabazam Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic in Yazd City from 2011 to 2015. The relationship between each root and maxillary sinus floor was examined by oral radiologist and trained dentistry student using CBCT and panoramic radiography. To check the reproducibility of the first observer, a second observer examined 20 radiographs daily for five days and in random orders. No difference was found between the observers. The collected data were analyzed by ANOVA, Chi square, Fisher’s exact test, and t test using SPSS (P≤0.05). Results: The agreement between CBCT and panoramic radiographs in determining root form was measured with kappa, which was found as 0.549 (P=0.0001). This implies that CBCT and panoramic radiographs showed an agreement in determining the position of maxillary sinus floor and posterior teeth roots. The difference between calculated mean (SD) distances of the two methods was 0.74(2.92) mm (P=0.0001). This indicates that the measurements by panoramic radiographs differ from CBCT. Conclusion: Our study results supports use of CBCT to establish the exact correlation between maxillary sinus floor and posterior teeth roots, especially in classification 3 (projected in panoramic radiographs) for reducing damages and infection transmission. http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-280-en.pdf 2017-10-01 49 60 10.29252/3dj.6.3.49 Cone-beam CT Maxillary posterior teeth Maxillary sinus floor Panoramic Topography Mahdieh Dehghani 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. AUTHOR Elham Motallebi 2 Dentist, Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran. AUTHOR Alireza Navabazam 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. AUTHOR Hadi Montazerlotfelahi 4 Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran. AUTHOR Fatemeh Ezoddini 5 Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. AUTHOR Sahar Ghanea s_ghanea82@yahoo.com 6 Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Systematic Evaluation of Effect of Myrtle and Fenugreek on Initial Inflammatory Response of Lingual Muscles to Different Types of Suturing Material in Diabetic Rats Introduction: Several studies have been conducted to examine the effect of suture material on the skin during healing of the wound while a few articles reviewed the musculoskeletal response. In this study, the effects of the two plants, myrtle and fenugreek, on the primary inflammatory response of the tongue muscles to the types of suture in diabetic rats are examined. Materials and Methods: For conducting this study, 96 Wistar healthy male white rats weighing between 250 and 300 g were selected. The animals were divided into 3 groups, 32 each, consisting of the diabetic group, the diabetic-myrtle group, and the diabetic-fenugreek group. All the animals became diabetic two weeks before the study using Streptozotocin (STZ). For carrying out the task, all animals were anesthetized on the first day using ketamine with a dosage of 60 mg/kg and xylazine (Rampon) with a dosage of 5.7 mg/kg. Four wounds were made using No. 15 blade, and each wound was sutured using one sample of suture string (simple interrupted suture). Then, in the myrtle and fenugreek groups, these materials were placed on the sutures using swabs. After this, from each group, 8 animals were sacrificed using ether. On days 2, 4, 7 and 14, samples were taken from the suture sites with intact margins and were sent to the pathological lab, and the degree of inflammation was examined using a light microscope with magnifications of 40 and 100. At last, the data were analyzed using Wilcoxon, post hoc ( by SPSS version 13.5). Results: This study showed that the least amount of inflammation on all days was associated with silk string followed by plain catgut in the diabetic group, and there was a significant relationship (P=0.001) in that regard with the two other suture strings used; chromic catgut and monofilament polyamide. In the myrtle group, chromic catgut and monofilament polyamide inflammation were not significantly different as compared with the other two suture strings in the control group on all days of the study. The findings showed that in the fenugreek group and the control silk and monofilament polyamide, the inflammation severity was not significantly different from the two suture strings in the control group on all days of the study. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the two plants myrtle and fenugreek reduce the inflammatory response in plain catgut though the effect of myrtle was more significant. Myrtle is also effective in reducing inflammation in silk while fenugreek is effective in reducing the inflammation caused by chromic catgut. http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-281-en.pdf 2017-10-01 61 68 10.29252/3dj.6.3.61 Fenugreek Myrtle Diabetes Suture string Sepehr Pourmonajemzadeh 1 DDS, Dentist, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AUTHOR Parisa Teymori 2 DDS, Dentist, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. AUTHOR Shima Badianat 3 DDS, Dentist, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. AUTHOR Maryam Alsadat Hashemipour m_s_hashemipour@yahoo.com 4 MSc., Oral and Dental Diseases Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE The Accuracy of Senior Students of Rasht Dental School in Detecting Proximal Caries in Digital Bitewing Radiographs Introduction: Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. Dentists acquire the ability to correctly identify caries through training. In addition to clinical examination, the use of radiographic techniques, especially the bitewing technique, are the main tools for the accurate detection of caries. The present study was conducted to investigate the accuracy of senior students of Rasht Dental School in detecting proximal caries.  Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, ten standard-quality bitewing radiographs (152 dental surfaces) were selected. The samples were then examined for the presence and depth of interproximal caries by 39 senior students (as observers) and five faculty members as the gold standard. The findings were analyzed using statistics including sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV), accuracy, and kappa. Results: The rate of agreement (kappa) between the students and the gold standard in detecting the presence and depth of caries was 0.696 and 0.502, respectively. The students’ reliability in the detection of caries and its depth yielded a kappa coefficient of 0.912 and 0.638, respectively. Conclusion: The student’s accuracy in detecting caries was significantly good. Nonetheless, they had moderate accuracy in detecting the depth of caries, and they underestimated the depth especially in the case of caries at the DEJ level. The students’ reliability in detecting the presence of caries was almost excellent and their reliability for detecting the depth was significantly good, too. http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-282-en.pdf 2017-10-01 69 76 10.29252/3dj.6.3.69 Dental caries Radiography Bitewing Somayeh Nemati 1 Assistant Professor, Dental Science Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. AUTHOR Farzane Ostovarrad dr.f.ostovarrad@gmail.com 2 Assistant Professor, Dental Science Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. AUTHOR Hadi Ranjzad 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Anzali Faculty of Dentistry, International Branch, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. AUTHOR Ali Akbar Rashid Kandovani 4 Dentist, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE An Oculofaciocardiodental Syndrome: Challenges in Endodontic Treatment Oculofaciocardiodental (OFCD) syndrome is characterized by ocular, facial, cardiac, and dental abnormalities. Radiculomegaly affecting canines is pathognomonic dental finding. Dentists should be aware of the somatic anomalies potentially associated with radiculomegaly. We report a case of OFCDS and provide the description of the challenges in endodontic treatment of gigantic roots. http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-283-en.pdf 2017-10-01 77 82 10.29252/3dj.6.3.77 Root canal therapy Oculofaciocardiodental syndrome Radiculomegaly Mehran Taramsari 1 Associate Professor, Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dental, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. AUTHOR Zahra Dalili Kajan 2 Professor of Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. AUTHOR Leila Atash Biz Yeganeh yeganehdds@gmail.com 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dental, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Anterior Variant of Lingual Salivary Gland Depression: Review and A Case Report Anterior stafne bone cyst is a rare and infrequent variant located between the lower incisor and the premolar area above the insertion of the mylohyoid muscle. Stafne bone cyst is a well-defined radiolucent cavity that is usually found as an incidental finding in the radiographic examination. In this article, a rare case of anterior stafne bone cyst is reported that resembled a radicular cyst, but Cone-Beam Computed Tomography images revealed a bone defect. Therefore, advanced images such as Cone-Beam Computed Tomography should be considered for better diagnosis and to prevent unnecessary treatment.  http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-284-en.pdf 2017-10-01 83 88 10.29252/3dj.6.3.83 Bone cyst Bone defect Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Mandible. Somayeh Nemati 1 Assistant Professor, Dental Science Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. AUTHOR Mehdi Sohrabi 2 Oral and Maxillofacial Radiologist, Private Clinic, Mashhad, Iran. AUTHOR Zahra Dalili Kajan 3 Professor, Dental Science Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. AUTHOR Zahra Yousefi Zahra_yousefi_sh@yahoo.com 4 Postgraduate Student of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Dental Science Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Triple Antibiotic Paste Treatment in Progressive External Root Resorption: A Case Report Tooth avulsion is one of the most complicated dental traumatic injuries. Pulp necrosis and root resorption are the most common complications resulting from avulsion. External root resorption following tooth replantation can be inflammatory or replacement resorption (ankylosis). This report presents the treatment of progressive external root resorption on a permanent maxillary left central incisor following avulsion and replantation using triple antibiotic paste. http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-285-en.pdf 2017-10-01 89 95 10.29252/3dj.6.3.89 Antibiotics Root resorption Tooth avulsion Farzad Mojarad 1 Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. AUTHOR Seyedeh Porousha Mahjoub Khatibani dr.p.mahjoub@gmail.com 2 Assistant Professor, Dental Science Research Center, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. AUTHOR Atousa Janeshin 3 Assistant Professor, Dental Science Research Center, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. AUTHOR