ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Comparative Evaluation of Surface Hardness of Different Resin-Modified Glass Ionomers and a Compomer Introdouction: Due to the practical problems and time restriction issues in treating dental problems in children, there is a noticeable demand for the application of a convenient handling restorative material with acceptable physical-mechanical properties. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate Vickers microhardness of four tooth-colored restorative materials as a determining mechanical property in pediatric dental care. Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, 20 samples were established for each Fuji II LC, Ionoseal, Ionolux, and Ionosit restorative dental materials by a single operator using polyvinyl chloride cubical molds (4 × 4 mm side length and 2 mm height). After polymerization by using a halogen visible-light polymerization unit, they were stored in artificial saliva at 37°C for 24 hours and then wet finished with a sequence of silicon carbide grit papers. Fuji II LC was used as the reference material for the resin-modified glass ionomer cements. Vickers hardness of all samples was assessed. The recorded data were analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the Mann–Whitney U test at the P < 0.05 significance level. Results:Besides the statistical difference between the four groups, the mean values of surface microhardness of Fuji II LC and Ionoseal were significantly higher than the powder-liquid Ionolux. The hardness value of compomer and Ionoseal was different but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: On the basis of the importance of microhardness property in the clinical success of a restorative material, the extensively investigated microhardness value of the Ionoseal material in addition to its ease of handling and benefits of time saving may account for its consideration as a reliable restorative material in the dental care for children. http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-179-en.pdf 2015-12-26 1 9 10.18869/acadpub.3dj.4.3.1 Child Dental Care Glass Ionomer Compomer Ionoseal Effat Khodadadi 1 Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Pedodontics, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran AUTHOR Ghazaleh GhAhmadi Zenouz 2 Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. AUTHOR Narges Pachenari 3 Dental Materials Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. AUTHOR Soraya Khafri 4 Department of Social Medicine and Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Pneumatized Articular Tubercle and Pneumatized Roof of Glenoid Fossa on Cone Beam Computed Tomography: Prevalence and Characteristics in Selected Iranian Population Introdouction: Mastoid pneumatization is often complete by the age of 5-years and may involve the temporo mandibular joint (TMJ) region, including the pneumatized articular tubercle (PAT) and pneumatized roof of the glenoid fossa (PRGF). To prevent surgical complications, the diagnosis of these air cells is important. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of PAT and PRGF in the Iranian population. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, convenience sampling was used to select participants. CBCT radiographs of 239 patients were evaluated retrospectively. Prevalence, location, age, and gender of patients with PAT and PRGF were determined. SPSS 18.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Of the 239 patients, 51 (21.3%) presented with PAT and 14 (5.9%) with PRGF. The mean age of the PAT patients was 47.92 ± 14.39 years. Unilateral PAT and PRGF were found in 35 (68.6%) and 8 (57.1%) patients, respectively. PAT prevalence was 51% in females and 49% in males. Conclusion: Surgeons planning TMJ intervention should evaluate radiographic imaging preoperatively to prevent intraoperative complications. http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-180-en.pdf 2015-12-26 10 14 10.18869/acadpub.3dj.4.3.10 Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Glenoid Cavity Zygoma Farzaneh Mosavat 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR Ahura Ahmadi 2 Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Education, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Effects of Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching Gel on Color of Silorane- and Methacrylate-based Resin Composites Introdouction: Bleaching has become a common treatment for improving the appearance of natural teeth. However, the need to protect dental restorations from bleaching agent exposure is inevitable, as these agents may change the color of restorative materials by oxidation. Filtek P90 composite resin has recently been introduced with the aim of decreasing polymerization shrinkage. The purpose of this study was to compare the color changes of silorane- and methacrylate-based resin composites after exposure to various carbamideperoxide regimens. Materials and methods: Sixty-four disk-shaped specimens (10 × 2 mm) of a microhybrid composite, Z250, and a siloranebased composite, P90, were prepared and divided into four subgroups (n = 8). An unbleached group was used as a control, while the remaining specimens in the three subgroups were bleached with 10%, 16%, and 22% carbamide peroxide for 14 days. The color was measured with a spectrophotometer using Commission International de I’Eclairage L*, a*, and b* color scale. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, the t-test, and Tukey’s HSD test. Results: Color differences between bleaching and baseline values (;DeltaE) were <3.3 for all the groups. Z250 and P90 resin composites showed color changes after bleaching with 10%, 16%, and 22% carbamide peroxide, but the changes were insignificant (Z250: p = 0.323, P90: p = 0.136). Conclusion: The color changes were not clinically evident in the sample groups. For both the Z250 and P90 specimens, no statistically significant differences in color were noted. http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-181-en.pdf 2015-12-26 15 22 10.18869/acadpub.3dj.4.3.15 Composite Resins Methacrylates Silorane Resins carbamide peroxide Color Behnaz Esmaeili 1 Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran AUTHOR Ghazaleh Ahmadizenouz 2 Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran AUTHOR Faezeh KhazaeiPoul 3 Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran AUTHOR Yasaman Samani 4 Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran AUTHOR Hemmat Gholinia 5 Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Pathologic Conditions Associated with Impacted Mandibular Third molar Angulation in an Iranian Population Introdouction: The aim of this study was to determine the associations between commonly found pathologic conditions and angulation of the lower third molar teeth. Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, 370 panoramic radiographs consisting of 724 lower third molars were evaluated for any pathologies according to their angulation(mesioangular, distoangular, vertical, or horizontal). The data were analyzed using chi-squared tests, and a P value of P;le0.05 was considered significant Results: In total,83.6% of the cases had at least one complication. It was ascertained that mesioangular and vertical impactions had higher risks for pericoronitis and caries development on second molar, while horizontal and distoangular impactions had lower risks. There was a significant relationship between the frequency of third molar impaction and the type of angulation. Conclusion: Mesioangular and vertical impactions, especially those with class A impaction depth, were found to be associated with a higher risk of pathologic conditions. To decide whether to extract or follow up on an impacted third molar, the angulation and impaction depth should be taken into consideration. http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-182-en.pdf 2015-12-26 23 27 10.18869/acadpub.3dj.4.3.23 Molar Third Radiography Panoramic Pathology Mandible Ali Mokhtar 1 Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran AUTHOR Pegah Bronoosh 2 Alborz Radiology Center, Karaj, Iran. AUTHOR Abdolaziz Haghnegahdar 3 Department of Oral and Maxillafacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry Shiraz, University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Mandibular Second Premolar with Three Roots: A Case Report Human mandibular premolars have earned the reputation for having an extremely complex root and root canal morphology. The incidence of multiple roots and canals in mandibular second premolars is lower than those in mandibular first premolars. Mandibular second premolars with three root canals and separate foramina are very rare. In this case report, endodontic management of a three-rooted mandibular second premolar is discussed. http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-183-en.pdf 2015-12-26 28 31 10.18869/acadpub.3dj.4.3.28 Mandible Bicuspid Root Leila Atash Biz Yeganeh 1 Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Mandibular First Molar with Five Canals: A Report of Three Cases The main objective of endodontic therapy is the thorough mechanical and chemical cleansing of the entire root canal system and its complete obturation with an inert filling material. Failure to find and fill a canal contributes toward the failure of endodontic therapy .The root canal anatomy of mandibular first molars is complex. Studies of the morphologic structure of root canal systems have demonstrated the complexity, numbers, and distributions of canals in mandibular first molars. Approximately 2.75% of mandibular first molars have been found in five canals. Although the presence of middle mesial canals in mandibular molars is rare, but finding them is essential for a successful root canal treatment. In this study, we present three mandibular first molars with three canals in the mesial root. http://3dj.gums.ac.ir/article-1-184-en.pdf 2015-12-26 32 35 10.18869/acadpub.3dj.4.3.32 Molar Root Canal Therapy Morphology Elnaz Mosavi Khoonsari 1 Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. AUTHOR Maryam ghamari 2 Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Ghazvin, Iran AUTHOR